tg626, this should be of interest to you:
http://www.mtnwestrail.com/aak/It's a copy of Al Krug's Train Forces Calculator. Mr. Krug's website seems to have disappeared, sadly, but this little and very helpful tool seems to have survived at the Mountain West Rail website.
So for Marias Pass 1.8% ruling grade, a single F7 (1500 hp) could haul ten 80t cars up there at 15 mph but that would be an untypically short train for that line with very little local traffic and many long through trains. I remember seeing a fascinating black/white photo of GN's Western Fruit Express rounding the horseshoe curve at Blacktail, with four FT's in the lead, four in the middle, and four pushing in the back. The FT only had 1200 hp, but that would still allow for ~100 loaded cars.
On several railroads, F-units often operated in fixed lash-ups early in their lives, but later on they ended up being mixed matched with other locos as they became available. So for the example of Marias Pass again, an early GN diesel scenario would typically require "clean" ABBA or ABA sets of F-units, whereas in later years they would run together with whatever could be coupled to them, most commonly 1st and 2nd gen EMD hood units.
Cheers!
Michael